ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

abuse cases: conflicts of interest between canon and charity law; canonical requirement for ecclesiastical control - 2019, 182, 37
abuse liability; possible ways to legally mitigate - 2019, 182, 37
adoption agencies (Catholic) & equality legislation: one Bishop's analysis & response of the agencies - 2008, 161, 98
adoption charity (Catholic Care) not allowed to change objects clause in Memorandum of Association to refuse adoption to same-sex couples (case) - 2009, 163, 176; changing charity's objects remitted to Charity Commission to decide - 2010, 164, 93; not allowed to amend it's charitable objects to only serve heterosexual couples - 2010, 165, 214; Equality Act 2010 means objects can't be changed - 2011, 167, 103; appeal to discriminate dismissed - 2013, 170, 112; 2014, 173, 113
adoption agency (Catholic) failed in appeal to amend objects to exclude same-sex couples partly due to dissenting Catholics who would continue to donate - 2016, 176, 18
Anglican Establishment changes: discrimination against Catholics & others (and equality) not completely addressed - 2014, 172, 10
Anglicans moving en masse to Catholic Church can cause issues with no right to take property & trustee conflict of interest - 2016, 176, 18
annulment, the process, legal safeguards & need for Second Instance Tribunals - 2010, 165, 117
autonomy concerns with regard to Inter Vivos religious giving & charitable trusts (affecting land) in Nineteenth Century England - 2006, 157, 17
bequests to solely contemplative orders can't be charitable trusts but can be gifts to individual members (Nineteenth Century England) - 2006, 157, 17
Bishop, the role of, in Catholic education (O'Donoghue on schools) - 2009, 163, 103
Bishops' Conference calls for prison & sentencing reform to support victims and reduce prison population - 2020, 184, 58
Bishops' Conferences: functions of & relationship to national life - 2002, 149, 92
Bishop's Memorandum sets out expectations about having practising Catholics in certain educational positions in schools etc - 2019, 182, 49
Buckfast Abbey School, legal challenge to the closure of - 1998, 136/137, 58
certificates of approval for Catholic teachers in Scotland - 1995, 124/125, 40
canon law: development of, sources and rationale for - 2012, 168, 44
canon law, foundations for the development of, in Latin & Greek Churches - 2006, 157, 7
canon law, purpose of & basis in a secure ecclesiology - 2000, 145, 52
canons of equity & charity when dealing with exclaustration of religious and their support after leaving - 2014, 172, 27
capital punishment, discussion of church teaching on - 2006, 156, 3
capital punishment: progress in doctrine - 2006, 156, 24
capital punishment: recent Catholic thought - 2006, 156, 11
Catholic & Protestant differing approaches to law: church / state, natural law, human rights, conscience - 2016, 176, 59
Catholic concerns on Bland case & conjoined twins case - 2002, 148, 65
Catholic education: what should be taught in a diverse society & should it be state funded? - 2009, 163, 103
Catholic Roadwatch: organisation to highlight road safety issues - 2006, 157, 57
Catholic school demographics in 2018 - 2018, 181, 207
Catholic schools: affect of the 50% faith based admissions cap; adverse effects on diversity and mainly impacts Catholic schools - 2018, 181, 207
Catholic schools: differences in structure, funding and control - 2016, 176, 18
Catholic Social Teaching: a protestant appreciation & analysis - 2000, 145, 38
Catholic state schools from 1847: legal structures, changes & settlements; role in integrating immigrants into UK culture - 2018, 181, 207
Catholic state schools, nature of control by the Church - 2019, 182, 49
Catholic suggestions to change Anglican Establishment law and remove discrimination against Catholics - 2014, 172, 10
Catholic support for victims of crime & reform to increase non-custodial sentencing - 2020, 184, 58
Catholic wanting five weeks off work to attend religious festivals each summer not covered by discrimination law as not intimately linked to belief (case) - 2016, 176, 87
Catholic Union of Great Britain commentary on the Bill of Rights announced in the Queen's Speech 2022: rights as fundamental; dangers of introducing new & disputed rights; linked to responsibilities; importance of swift remedy - 2022, 188, 51
changes in the Catholic population of England from the 18th century onwards - 2018, 181, 207
charitable status?, do gifts for religious purposes have - 1997, 132/133, 63
charitable status for enclosed orders, arguments for inter alia: public access for services & via correspondance; part charitable status; could be relief of poverty / infirmity - 2016, 177, 157
Charitable Trusts: public benefit of ministry & Masses in law - 1995, 126/127, 72
charitable trusts for purposes: legal characteristics of, in Nineteenth Century England - 2006, 157, 17
charities, examples of Catholic ones that have been in conflict with the Church on doctrinal issues - 2016, 176, 18
charities (R.C.), problems of control; clerics can ensure orthodoxy but church control increases risk of liability - 2019, 182, 37
charities with purposes to advance religion, challenges in demonstrating public benefit; Gilmour v Coats revisited - 2016, 177, 157
Chesterton and positivist penology - 1984, 80/81, 7
child sex abuse case, judge can allow action to proceed even though time barred (case) - 2011, 166, 94
Christian belief in dignity of human person leads to action against slavery - 2019, 179, 115
Christian worship in schools, legal requirements & debate on - 1995, 124/125, 31
Christians in UK tend to look at internal or foreign issues for legal funding, should this be expanded to wider issues as legal aid drops away? - 2015, 175, 166
church and state, the nature of relations between - 1984, 82/83, 90
church controlled charities: control can affect liability, orthodoxy & property ownership - 2016, 176, 18
church controlled charities: implications in canon / civil law & advantages of control - 2016, 176, 18
church / state relationship, Roman Catholic development of thought on - concordats to overcome legal disagreements - 2012, 168, 44
clergy, maintenance of, in the Italian Catholic Church - 2005, 155, 137
clerics' rights, privileges & obligations in the Codes of Canon Law; new Canon 384 to highlight Bishop should take care of his presbyters - 2019, 182, 25
cloning, reproductive & therapeutic, opposition to - 1999, 142/143, 100
clerical 'duty of care' over children likely to be rare outside of sexual abuse cases (e.g. Maga) - 2011, 167, 11
Common law, how does Canon law relate to this; secular legal systems can take jurisdiction if church fails in duty (review article) - 2019, 182, 25
complexity of Roman Catholic Church structures can mean litigants struggle to pinpoint which is liable - 2019, 182, 37
Conference of Solicitors Acting for Catholic Dioceses and Religious Orders - 1983, 76/77, 2
conscientious objection to military service, support for right to - 2003, 151, 180
consent to medical treatment, Catholic teaching on - 1993, 116/117, 19
Covid 19 pandemic in UK: restrictions to worship in the 4 jurisdictions; criticism of government - 2021, 187, 96
Covid 19 public inquiry: terms of reference expanded to include places of worship - 2022, 188, 66
cremation and treatment of ashes in RC church and changes in canon law - 2014, 173, 145
Declaration of Christian Freedoms, A, full text reproduced - 1969, 22, 13
dependance of the Italian Catholic Church on the state as source of income - 2005, 155, 137
diocesan clerics, strategy proposal to improve ecclesiastical law with regard to (review article) - 2019, 182, 25
Diocesan trustees held vicariously liable for child-abusing priest - 2012, 168, 125
divorce and remarriage, church teaching on - 1968, 20, 96
duty of care must try to protect charity assets (or could be liable); may conflict with moral need to settle abuse claim - 2019, 182, 37
ecclesiology, Catholic & Protestant conflicting views on - 2000, 145, 56
economy in orthodox theology comes before the law whereas equity in catholic canon law comes after the law to amend it - 2014, 172, 27
Edmund Plowden: effect of being Catholic on his career, refusal of Lord Chancellorship & Oath of Supremacy - 2011, 167, 5
Equality Act (Sexual Orientation) Regulations, homosexuality as an identity & legal right (regarding adoption) - 2007, 159, 114
Equality Bill and discrimination, concerns that exceptions for religion or belief don't give enough protection - 2009, 163, 166
equality legislation - concerns over conflicts with Catholic values - 2007, 159, 136
equity in canon law; flexibility to be strict or lenient as required & limits to this - 2014, 172, 27
employment conditions & expectations of Catholic teachers: principles/practice - 1995, 124/125, 40
employment rights of clergy, views of the different Churches on giving these - 2006, 156, 59
E.U. employment law: possible effects on church schools - 2002, 148, 4
euthanasia, intentions & withdrawing treatment: definitions and declarations in Catholic moral tradition - 2019, 182, 7
euthanasia: nutrition and hydration should be evaluated differently to medical treatment as are basic needs - 2019, 182, 7
faithful should provide for needs of church and church should be good stewards of money - 2016, 177, 146
first Canon Law Conference in 1968 - 1968, 20, 84
free schools: Catholics unable to open new ones (only VA) since 50% admissions cap brought in; discriminates against Catholics - 2018, 181, 207
gifts and trusts: distinction can affect legal enforceability of religious giving (Nineteenth Century England) - 2006, 157, 17
Gilmour case: church tried to prove private religious acts can have public benefit; case lost but could have won with other arguments - 2016, 177, 157
Gilmour v Coats (1949): court ruled contemplative nuns not charitable in law; can't prove value of prayer - 2016, 177, 157
governance in Catholic charities: canon law, role of laity & similarities to C. of E. structures - 2016, 176, 18
governance of the Church & lack of lay participation - 2004, 153, 128
Guido of Monte Rochen on the reasons for & practicalities of the seal of confession; guidance for priests and others - 2022, 188, 28
heresy: the Balasuriya affair - 1997, 134/135, 4
historical development of Catholic Church's stance on human rights - 2001, 146, 28
historial sexual abuse: vicarious liability accepted but out-of-time claim (case) - 2016, 177, 215
Human dignity, the common good, subsidiarity, solidarity & structural sin - 2000, 145, 38
human rights, declarations of the Pope's on - 2001, 146, 28
human rights, respect for within the Church - 2001, 146, 28
human rights, their practice in the Church - 1989, 100/101, 5
human rights: values for a Godless age? - 2001, 146, 28
human rights as fundamental (in Catholic thought) and rooted in the dignity of human nature; new rights, not universally accepted, can promote ideology over truth - 2022, 188, 51
Humanae Vitae, original language - 1969, 22, 21
Humanists UK's application for Judicial review against the Catholic Education Service for prioritising Catholic teachers, refused on many grounds - 2019, 182, 49
'idea' of Christianity (Newman) - 2005, 154, 35
influence on law making - 1990, 104/105, 5 and 20
international stage, Augustinian worldview informs recent Vatican dialogue on the - 2007, 158, 30
John Paul II: contributions to law and justice - 2005, 154, 4
just war, Catholic teaching on, and proposed extensions - 2003, 151, 96
justice & mercy for lawyers (eg should lawyers be involved in divorce) - 2002, 148, 2
lack of catholic legal education - 1974, 45, 176
legal structures, property & control in Catholic Canonical bodies: dioceses, parishes, schools, orders & charities - 2016, 176, 18
liability for abuse by school staff lay with those responsible for the school (diocese) rather than De La Salle who provided staff (case) - 2011, 166, 102
looked after children whose guardian wished to have them receive Catholic sacraments; mother's wish to legally prohibit this refused (case) - 2021, 186, 85
Lord Chancellor can be Catholic, confirmation that - 2002, 149, 72
Malaysian Catholic's asylum appeal dismissed as husband's conversion to Islam and likely wish to convert and circumcise their son, doesn't infringe her rights (case) - 2013, 171, 124
marriage in Eastern & Western Canon Law (in the First Millennium) - 2006, 157, 7
marriage (nature of), divorce and remarriage & mixed marriages in Greek & Latin Churches - 2006, 157, 7
marriage, regulation of in canon and state law (different for Catholics and non-Catholics) - 2012, 168, 44
media coverage forms public opinion that sentencing is too lenient; better information needed (church could play a role) - 2020, 184, 58
members of religious orders fully maintained by their order are not entitled to state pension credit - 2010, 165, 235
mental health conditions and offending: Catholic calls for psychiatric alternatives to prison - 2020, 184, 58
ministers of religion: differences in Roman Catholic & Anglican decisions on women in ordained ministry; both appear legal - 2018, 181, 171
modern Biblical criticism, the case against - 1999, 142/143, 106
National Church, can the Catholic Church claim to be a? - 2002, 149, 77
National Church, problems in viewing Catholic church as a - 2002, 149, 92
National Churches, Eastern Catholic Churches as - 2002, 149, 92
newspaper alleging sexual impropriety at a seminary didn't violate privacy or perpetrators, but paper prohibited from republishing photo (ECHR) - 2013, 170, 130
no Christian political unity but often agree on values e.g. against death penalty, for censorship - 2015, 175, 198
nuclear weapons, some statements of the Catholic Church on - 1997, 132/133, 65
nurse (Catholic) disciplined for wearing a cross necklace whilst headscarves and turbans allowed; discrimination upheld (case) - 2022, 188, 90
O'Sullivan, Richard: a brief biography - 2013, 170, 7
parish council constitutions - 1969, 24, 113
Plowden's life & faith in Tudor England - 2018, 180, 38
post reformation Catholic & Protestant jurists still used parts of the canon law in the ius commune as legal authority - 2017, 179, 117
post reformation jurists, both Catholics & Protestant, thought the law should enforce Christian morality including church attendance, usury, blasphemy etc - 2019, 179, 117
pre-sentence reports, Catholic reflections on importance of detailed ones; & education of legal professionals on effects of sentences on offender / family - 2020, 184, 58
priest abusing non-Catholic boy, Archdiocese was vicariously liable - 2010, 165, 230
priests as agents of the Church in civil law - 1979, 60/61, 64
priests (R.C.) can be regarded as employees for diocesan vicarious liability - 2019, 182, 37
priests incardinated in UK & Ireland, do experiences show Canon law upheld?; are failings due to Canon or Common law? (review article) - 2019, 182, 25
Prime Minister cannot advise monarch on appointment of Church of England Bishops if Catholic; law out of date? - 2021, 186, 44
privacy, the right to, in Roman law & canon law - 1998, 136/137, 39
public benefit of religious charities, deliberations on: private Mass in a sense public?; indirect public benefit of prayer & edifying example? - 2016, 177, 157
public worship inviolability enshrined in 1860s Statute law; Peter Tatchell fined for disrupting sermon - 2021, 186, 4
regulation of doctors by GMC, compared to the canonical & common law treatment of incardinated priests by Bishop (review article) - 2019, 182, 25
refusal of medical treatment, theological perspectives - 1989, 100/101, 58
religious charities, deliberations on public benefit of: private Mass in a sense public?; indirect public benefit of prayer & edifying example? - 2016, 177, 157
religious freedom in education: Human Rights Act 1998, state & Church all put parent's rights above state's; diverse schools should be provided - 2018, 181, 207
religious tribunals (Catholic, Jewish, Muslim): regulation of marital disputes, mediation and remarriage - 2016, 177, 181
religious voting behaviour: influence of denomination, church attendance & precedence of other issues - 2015, 175, 198
rights & duties of the faithful in Catholic Church - 1997, 134/135, 4
Roma parent's concern that their boys will be adopted by homosexuals outweighed by English law / standards (case) - 2014, 173, 225
sanctity of life: dualist approach as opposed to Catholic anthropology; rightful place of 'quality of life' judgements - 2019, 182, 7
seal of confession & rite of penance in Roman Catholic legal history: development, discipline & practice through the ages; practical examples - 2022, 188, 28
sexual abuse many years before by member of an order that would have vicarious liability, Limitation Act makes inequitable to allow case (case) - 2018, 181, 247
should law be Christian? - 1988, 96/97, 12
shouting expletives with reference to the Pope doesn't count as harrassment of Catholic employee as only expressing irritation (case) - 2013, 170, 124
simony, 11th and 12th century debates on consequences to sacraments (illustrated by story of Malchus' ear) - 2010, 165, 144
slavery: reaons why Catholics didn't officially condemn until very recently - 2007, 158, 23
slavery in history of Catholic Church: theory & practice - 2007, 158, 23
sources that can be used to resolve difficult canon law cases - 2014, 172, 27
subsidiarity, a positive theological, social & Biblical analysis of the Catholic concept of - 2003, 151, 111
subsidiarity, an attack on the Catholic concept of - 2002, 148, 46
subsidiarity (as formulated by Pius XI), reflections on - 2005, 154, 31
subsidiarity informing varying terms of Vatican engagement with different international regimes - 2007, 158, 30
Succession to the Crown Act 2013: removes gender discrimination but not all discrimination against Catholics; parliamentary debates on - 2014, 172, 10
Succession to the Crown Bill: monarch still can't be R.C. but can now marry one - 2013, 170, 96
succession to the throne, do human rights overturn the prohibition on this for Catholics? - 2005, 154, 27
suicide & euthanasia, the Catholic position on - 2003, 150, 51
temporal goods, Canon law on why Church needs them & concept of stewardship - 2016, 177, 146
The Churches' Funerals Group: membership, history, work and current issues - 2015, 175, 227
Tradition as a source of revealed truth, an attack on - 1999, 142/143, 106
Tradition in the Catholic church, a defence of - 2000, 145, 52
traveller community, Catholic links could be used to address high levels of imprisonment - 2020, 184, 58
trustees & governors in R.C. schools, duties & legal issues - 1994, 120/121, 3
usury: biblical, early church fathers, church teaching & practice on - 2014, 172, 42
Vatican II, progressions in theology not immediately paralleled in Church's legal structures - 2007, 158, 30
Vatican Concordats (post-conciliar): impact of religious perspectives on international law - 2007, 158, 30
Vatican Concordats (post conciliar) reveal different Church/State relationships eg two sovereignties with Italy/Spain, autonomy with post-communist countries, tolerance with Islamic States - 2007, 158, 30
Vatican Concordats (post-conciliar) see international law as system for dispute resolution in religious freedom disputes (not just set of ideological statements) - 2007, 158, 30
Vatican shift away from Church as Societas Perfecta to deeper engagement with wider (and differing) politics after Vatican II - 2007, 158, 30
vicarious liability for C. of E. or R.C. charities if there is an agency relationship between charity and church - 2016, 176, 18
vicarious liability tests: diocese wins claim that religious institute should share liability for sexual abuse of school boys - 2012, 169, 246; 2013, 170, 113
witchcraft trials, church guidance & regulation of ecclesiastical courts - 2011, 167, 54
withdrawal of treatment for Catholic in vegetative state; family disagreement over removal food/fluids, court ruled to remove (case) - 2021, 186, 66
women offenders: Catholic vision for reducing numbers / reoffending of women in custody & importance of support for complex needs / mental health - 2020, 184, 58
Declaration on Religious Freedom
annotated text - 1984, 82/83, 117
church-state relations, effect on - 1981, 70/71, 66
conceptions of the purpose of the statement on religious freedom - 1970, 26, 6
constitutional background - 1984, 82/83, 114
moral and juridical orders, the distinction between - 1984, 82/83, 90
nature of rights under - 1981, 70/71, 71
proceedings at Second Vatican Council - 1984, 82/83, 81
prospective impact on secular societies and the Church - 1970, 26, 6
"religion" and "belief", meaning of - 1984, 82/83, 105
"religion" meaning of - 1984, 82/83, 86
'religious practice', meaning of - 1984, 82/83, 105
ecumenism
shared church project at Cippenham - 1969, 23, 73
sharing of church buildings - 1970, 27, 44
religious freedom
historical teachings on - 1970, 26, 6
Murray, J. S., contribution to debate on religious liberties - 1969, 22, 6
scope and protection of under a bill of rights - 1979, 60/61, 8
theological basis for - 1984, 82/83, 100
Australia
gay rights activist wins discrimination case against Catholic Schools - 2002, 148, 4
vicarious liability for child sexual abuse by priest; he was not employee of Catholic Chutch but holistically they are vicariously liable (case) - 2022, 188, 80
Belgium
civil action by French & Dutch nationals against the Holy See for handling of sexual abuse; Belgian court has no jurisdiction due to state immunity (ECHR) - 2022, 188, 85
Croatia
school teacher of Catholic religion, dismissal after divorce & remarriage not disproportionate; he had received some help (ECHR) - 2016, 177, 227
Germany
Böckenförde, Ernst-Wolfgang: Catholic judge, theologian, constitutional lawyer - 2021, 186, 10
Böckenförde on a theology of modern secular law; connection to Aquinas and Pope Benedict XVI - 2021, 186, 10
Church tax, opposition / conscientious objection to; obligatory despite Church scandals - 2016, 177, 146
Church tax, process of opting out & implications for Catholics - 2016, 177, 146
Luther's Reformation: few Church structures survived, secular law / authority attacked; resulting crises - 2017, 178, 6
Nazism: German Catholic resistance wasn't strong according to Böckenförde - 2021, 186, 10
retired canon lawyer challenges German law on excommunication as result of withholding Church tax; canon law on formal defection; simony? - 2016, 177, 146
Greece
specific recognition of Catholic Church as legal body after decades of ambiguity - 2016, 176, 42
Hungary
Catholic placed under house arrest so cannot attend Mass; treatment compatible with Article 9 (ECHR) - 2016, 176, 106
Italy
Catholics treated more favourably than other faiths in teaching of religion - 2004, 152, 44
dependance of the Italian Catholic Church on the state as source of income - 2005, 155, 137
financing of faith communities in Italy: criteria under which finance can be used for each faith community - 2010, 165, 159
financing of faith communities in Italy: problems with benefice system & move to income from taxation & donation - 2010, 165, 159
financing of faith communities in Italy: providing choice to individuals & extending beyond Catholic Church - 2010, 165, 159
maintenance of clergy in the Italian Catholic Church - 2005, 155, 137
relations between Italian State and Catholic Church eg Patti Latteranensi (1929) - 2004, 152, 44
Latin America
religion in the public sphere in Latin American countries e.g religious holidays, conscientious objection - 2009, 162, 62
State/Church history & development, religious diversity and legislation - 2009, 162, 62
Vatican Concordats with Latin America still see Church as societas perfecta - 2007, 158, 30
Republic of Ireland
Catholic teacher dismissal due to conduct upheld despite no contract breach - 1995, 124/125, 54
Covid 19 restrictions on Catholic Mass attendance claimed to be unconstitutional; judicial review application ruled as moot as restrictions had ended (case) - 2022, 188, 78
Romania
building previously belonging to Catholic diocese but being sold to tenants after Bishop's claim dismissed, reversal of decision by appeal court violated res judicata and therefore tenant's rights (ECHR) - 2015, 174, 126
Government failure to return Catholic property confiscated by Communist Regime violated Church's rights (ECHR) - 2013, 170, 111
Greek Catholic Church had property confiscated by Communists; domestic courts eventually restored this but protracted timescale violated Article 6 (ECHR) - 2016, 176, 102
Greek Catholic parish should be given a hearing to allow services in its former property previously confiscated by state (case) - 2010, 165, 232
Greek Catholics failed to get restitution of property transferred to Orthodox under Ceausescu; domestic court upheld except on length of proceedings (ECHR) - 2015, 175, 271
Greek Catholic Church seeking restitution of property given to Orthodox; Article 6 violated (principle of legal certainty infringed) (ECHR) - 2017, 179, 246
Greek Catholic Church seeking restitution of property lost under Ceaucescu; Grand Chamber rules they had reasonable court access but length of proceeedings unreasonable & treatment by different courts had undermined principle of legal certainty (ECHR) - 2017, 178, 139
government suppression of Greek Catholic Church and removal of property was against their rights (case) - 2009, 163, 198
State failure to enforce judgment obliging Orthodox parish to allow Greek-Catholics to use their confiscated building breaches Article 6 (case) - 2014, 172, 78
Scotland
atheist teacher was discriminated against by not being given interview for pastoral post in Catholic school - 2009, 163, 142
Catholic adoption agency failed charity test due to 'preferred criteria' disadvantaging same-sex and non-Catholic applicants (case) - 2013, 170, 142; appeal ruled the religious character of the agency should have engaged Article 9 and benefits weighed against disbenefits - 2014, 172, 99
Catholic adoption charity allowed indirect discrimination against same-sex couples due to charity's objects, proportionality & religious exemptions - 2016, 176, 18
conscientious objection under Abortion Act covers participation in 'hands-on' way, not administrative tasks of ward managers (case) - 2015, 174, 143
Covid 19 pandemic in UK: Scottish differences in regulations / effect on worship; successful judicial review - 2021, 187, 96
Covid church closure regulations challenged & declared disproportionate by Judicial Review - 2021, 186, 8 and 75
sexual abuse of child (historical) at Benedictine boarding school in 1970s; limitation period disapplied for personal injury claim as further proof required to determine trustee vicarious liability (case) - 2022, 188, 83
Spain
Catholic Church's exemption from property taxes on buildings used for non-religious purposes could be illegal State Aid in EU law (case) - 2017, 179, 230
different treatment for Catholic as opposed to other religious groups - 2004, 152, 44
laicised married priest teaching in school, contract not renewed by Bishop, no rights violated as grounds strictly religious (ECHR) - 2012, 169, 269
legal situation of Catholics in Spain: agreements, education, funding - 2004, 152, 44
requisites for inclusion of R.C. clergy in Social Security systems - 2004, 153, 100
special status of R.C. ministers of religion relative to other denominations - 2004, 153, 100
special treatment of Catholic religion when providing religious teaching in Spanish state schools (due to treaty) - 2007, 158, 54
teaching of religion in Spanish state schools, practical problems of - 2007, 158, 54
United States of America
Christians with strongly held beliefs are a declining, discrete, insular minority in the U.S. so may require legal protection - 2015, 175, 209
Could U.S. Courts arrive at same decision as Hobby Lobby without using R.F.R.A. (i.e. are Christians a discrete & insular minority?) - 2015, 175, 209

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The Edmund Plowden Trust